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Sains Malaysiana 54(4)(2025): 1127-1145
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5404-13
Gastroprotective Effect and
Anti-Apoptotic Role of Lawsonia inermis Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Sprague Dawley
(Kesan Gastropelindung dan Peranan Anti-Apoptosis Ekstrak Lawsonia inermis terhadap Ulser Gastrik Aruhan Etanol pada Sprague Dawley)
MUHAMMAD REMY OTHMAN1,8,*, SAYIDAH ASMA BASIR2,
KHADHER AHMAD3, NUR’AIN SALEHEN4, GIRIBABU NELLI4,
ROZANA OTHMAN5,8, ZULKIFLI MOHD YUSOFF3,
SYARIFAH NUR SYED ABDUL RAHMAN6, HAZRINA HAZNI7,8 & KHALIJAH AWANG7,8 2Faculty of Law, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
3Department of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith,
Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
6Department of Oral & Craniofacial
Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
8Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug
Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Received: 15
July 2024/Accepted: 13 December 2024
Abstract
Lawsonia inermis (LI) or henna has been traditionally used since antiquity for
cosmetics, medicinal and healing purposes including wound healing. Even so, the proof of the
gastroprotective consequences of
LI is inadequate while the
pharmacological mechanisms continue to be scarce. The purpose of this research was to examine the acute toxicity and gastroprotective activities of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves ethanol:water (80:20)
extract (LILEW) in contrast to ethanol-induced gastric ulcers within rats. The acute oral toxicity experiment was performed using Sprague Dawley female rats (n=6) for low dose (2000 mg/kg), and high dose (5000 mg/kg) as well as vehicle (distilled water). The gastroprotective result of LILEW was
performed in an ethanol-induced
ulcer inside Sprague Dawley rats (n=6). The
animals were distributed among five groups
namely ulcer control, normal control, drug
control-omeprazole, high dose, and low dose of
LILEW (500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively). Acute toxicity
experiments with LILEW on the rats did not demonstrate any signs of mortality and toxicity up to 5 g/kg suggesting
that LILEW is safe to consume. The gastroprotective effect of LILEW at doses
250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, as well as omeprazole (20 mg/kg), showed significant
rates of inhibition as much as 70.50±1.38% (drug control), 66.67±1.42% (low
dose of LILEW) and 68.45±1.53% (high dose of LILEW) of rats attenuated gastric
lesions that were generated by ethanol. In conclusion, these findings confirmed that Lawsonia inermis L.
leaves ethanol: water extract is safe to consume and able to protect against
gastric ulcers.
Keywords: Acute toxicity; ethanol;
gastric ulcer; gastroprotective; Lawsonia inermis L. leaves
Abstrak
Lawsonia inermis (LI) atau inai telah digunakan sejak zaman dahulu untuk tujuan kosmetik, perubatan dan penyembuhan luka. Walau bagaimanapun, bukti mengenai kesan perlindungan gastrik LI adalah tidak mencukupi dan mekanisme farmakologi masih kurang diketahui. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji ketoksikan akut dan aktiviti perlindungan gastrik ekstrak Lawsonia inermis L. (LILEW) etanol:air (80:20) berbanding dengan ulser gastrik yang diinduksi dengan etanol pada tikus. Ujian ketoksikan akut oral dijalankan menggunakan tikus betina Sprague Dawley (n=6) untuk dos rendah (2000 mg/kg), dos tinggi (5000 mg/kg) serta rujukan (air suling). Kesan perlindungan gastrik LILEW dijalankan pada ulser yang diinduksi dengan etanol dalam tikus Sprague Dawley (n=6). Tikus dibahagikan kepada lima kumpulan kawalan iaitu kawalan ulser, kawalan normal, kawalan ubat-omeprazole, dos tinggi dan
dos rendah LILEW (500 mg/kg dan 250 mg/kg). Ujian ketoksikan akut dengan LILEW pada tikus tidak menunjukkan sebarang tanda kematian dan ketoksikan sehingga 5 g/kg, mencadangkan bahawa LILEW selamat untuk dimakan. Kesan perlindungan gastrik LILEW pada dos 250 mg/kg dan 500 mg/kg serta omeprazole (20 mg/kg) menunjukkan kadar perencatan yang signifikan sebanyak 70.50±1.38% (kawalan ubat), 66.67±1.42% (dos rendah LILEW) dan 68.45±1.53% (dos tinggi LILEW) daripada tikus yang mengalami luka gastrik. Sebagai kesimpulan, penemuan ini mengesahkan bahawa ekstrak etanol daun Lawsonia inermis L. selamat untuk dimakan dan mampu melindungi daripada ulser gastrik.
Kata kunci: Daun Lawsonia inermis L., etanol; ketoksikan akut; perlindungan gaster; ulser gaster
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*Corresponding author; email: remyothman@uitm.edu.my
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